The main requirements to the works

 

 

    The writing on literature - a measure of intellectual development, test, his aesthetic taste. This is - the final form of the result of what you are studying Russian language and literature reached. It shows knowledge of the text of a work of art, about which you write, the ability to analyze it, the maturity of your judgments, breadth of outlook. Individual work with text and critical works of literature provides insight into the author's intent, understanding the objective meaning of the work.

    One of the main requirements to the composition - the logical elegance of presentation. This primarily means that the topic should be disclosed clearly, convincingly, deep parts of the works must be linked, the transitions from one thought to another coherent and convincing evidence and reasonable judgments. The main idea of ??writing is developing according to plan (although I plan to write is not required). It is important to analyze not only the ideological content of the product, but also his artistic side. These requirements are writing students do not always match.

Stages of writing

 

 

    So, write an essay - it means a systematic way to pass a number of ideas and facts presented at a certain angle, with a reasoned explanation of the author's viewpoint. What are the stages of work on writing?

    I. Thinking and knowledge of the topic, defining its boundaries, the identification of its contents

    If you do not follow this requirement, your essay could be written on the subject does not, "by" threads "about" topics, etc. You need to understand what obliges you to every word in the statement of the theme. The answer to the question posed by the topic will be correct and complete only when clearly understood and identified a whole range of issues contained in the subject. Take, for example, the following theme: "Favorite characters of Leo Tolstoy's novel" War and m the world. " What is the range of issues contained in this topic?

    1. Who of the actors in the novel is a favorite character of Leo Tolstoy?

    2. Why are these characters are beloved heroes of the writer? Note at the same time that it was not a single hero, but a few.

    Having determined the range of problems we have identified key milestones, which should go disclosure topic, ie, did a sketch plan of the work.

    II. Statement of the main ideas (ideas) works

    You must set ourselves the question: "What I want to say with his work, what conclusions I should come, revealing the subject?" The basic idea (the idea) composition is formulated as a thesis - clearly, clearly, categorically. This thesis is a direct response to the question topic.

    III. Selection of the arguments to prove the main idea (thesis) compositions and their location in a specific order to justify the thesis

    Form of proof may be deductive, when first expressed thesis (general idea), then called the private thoughts (arguments), developing a general idea, ie, the general idea to go private, or inductive, in which the first are called private thoughts, then that general, which they confirmed. Usually, the exams are offered subject admitting deductive way of disclosure.

    From the definition of thesis writing work goes to the arguments justifying it. Appears operating record (arguments in this order).

    IV. Selection of the actual material and citationality

    We recommend that you learn by heart the most relevant citations for verification made by the texts. This primarily refers to the poetic passages. As for the passages from the works of fiction or literary-critical essays, which are harder to memorize, then they can send in your own words, of course, is not enclosed in quotation marks. Otherwise, inaccurate citations can be an actual error. Thus, the main part of writing - a thesis and argument.

 

    The entry must, if it prepares the reader to perceive the main part. If the introduction of such a function does not perform better without it. Mechanically tied to the main part, it violates the logical compositional harmony.

     In traditional introductory parts of the writer tells about the period when the work was written, or gives a brief description issues

     creative writer, poet, defining the location of the analyzed it works. Often described in the introduction essay writer's views on the issue of standing in the center of the work in question. Interesting non-traditional, non-standard entry, when the intonation is taken for any fact of life and creativity of the writer, and building on it, lit subject compositions.

     The conclusion makes composing a finished look, it can be summarized, that is, to repeat briefly the main ideas in the main part (the conclusion can be j distillation of the text). Opening and closing parts can be very brief term papers for sale

    Epigraph - a sentence (or a brief quote) before writing, which characterizes the basic idea of ??the work. The epigraph is possible, but not required in the book.

    The following is an essay topic for the program and works on any subject.

 

I. CLASSIFICATION OF WORKS Student

 

 

    All works can be divided into three main groups: classical Russian literature (XIX century), according to the literature of the XX century and the free 'theme, which involves the use of journalism, the author's personal observations, to free choice of literature.

    No less important is the classification of works by their shape. The methodology distinguishes three types of genre writing - description, narrative and argument, the specifics of which are: the transfer of the overall impression of the object (phenomenon, person), then the disclosure of its individual characteristics - in the description, the story of some event (an episode from the case life), which unfolds over time - in the story, the ability to think independently, to defend his point of view - in the argument.

    However, practice shows that a student essay in each there is a description, and narration, and argument. Genre features depend not only on the choice of topic, nature of the material for writing, but a way of exposition, the author's attitude to the analyzed events, phenomena, the hero, individuality, originality of form compositions depend on the talent of the author, his way of thinking. The specifics of the genre often defined and pathos works (patriotic, lyrical, comic, journalistic, satiric), that is, emotional mood created by the composition.

    Depending on these factors, not even the most complex work of a literary character can be written in the genre of writing, characteristics of the elements of critical analysis, lyrical confession, a literary portrait of the essay with the judgments of character artwork.

    Analytic versions of works mostly drawn to the genre a little literary criticism articles, reviews, literature review (Ferris).

    Creative writing on any subject can be made in the form of stories, reportage, notes, memoirs, literary travel, journalistic articles, diary entries.

 

II. FEATURES WORKS OF DIFFERENT GENRES

 

 

    Consider the features of some genres of essays in which students can express their individuality and creative position that artistic flair.

 

COMPOSITION, CHARACTERISTICS

 

 

    The most common genre is an essay-description. It requires a deep reflection on the system not only images but also on the individual hero. The writing should be worried thinking about his moral ideals, deeds, actions, relationships with other people. Necessary to trace the evolution of the nature of the plot development of the product, then select an individual, unique, that characterizes the identity of this character.

    Lyric's retreat will help the student focus on the times in which he lived a hero, to his way of life, feelings, experiences, submit it to a live person.

    In this genre, you can allocate a comparative description and characterization of the lyrical (for poetic work). For the latter should be characterized by high

    • aesthetic feeling, emotion in the narrative, and therefore the student needs to "dive" in the content in poetry, to understand its language through

    • figurative-expressive means, rhythm

    • verse.

    • The comparative characterization is necessary to avoid mechanical exposition "in order" and the main features of the characters, it is necessary to deepen their common and conflicting and features, the essence of each show through the views, the image of a life. (Annex 1, 2).

 

COMPOSITION - Literary Portraits

 

 

    Even Belinsky remarked that the art of the portrait - it is the innate human form. This means we have to show the "soul of the original." Literary portrait - one of the creative genres, it involves the disclosure of the free "portrait" of man. The emotional presentation of the material in this genre increases. It is not obligatory references to writing criticism, authoritative sources. The author does not have to strive for strict consistency in the disclosure of the portrait, and give his vision, understanding the importance of this man for himself, for his life. For the literary portrait portrait sketch adjoins.

    It requires rigorous selection of material: one picture (for example, "Chatsky at a ball at Famusov", "Prince Andrew in Otradnoe"), one or two facts, a few, but very expressive detail, revealing the image of the hero, a writer or a poet. (Appendix 3).

    Very close to the literary portrait may be an essay-writing and essay-essay.

 

COMPOSITION-ETUDE

 

 

    The dictionary says: "Etude - a small piece critical of a different nature, devoted. Noe any particular issue. "

    What may be a separate issue for this essay? For example, "The dance and song in the life of Natasha," "I and the Theater," "Indescribable, gentle" (about Esenin), "What do you mean" the science of tender passion, "the novel by Alexander Pushkin's" Eugene Onegin "," First Lermontov and last love "and others.

    Sotsinenie-study should be a lyrical monologue writer of considerable, that is the essence of painting, event or thought. (Appendix 4).

 

COMPOSITION-ESSAY

 

 

    The writing of essays - a genre of criticism, journalism. The writing of essays can be proposed to study the writer's work: "My first meeting with Tolstoy," "I stopped on the page?," Good Word by V. Rasputin, "" Song "goodness and light" (in modern poetry), " And all the flowers alive ...». It should include the author's initial impression of reading, a common understanding of the writer's life, his works. It does not require the depth of disclosure topics (better if the author is writing himself formulates a theme), but the story must be slim, revealing a fundamental question.

    The writing of essays should clearly express the position of the pupil. There are genres that have become popular among teachers of literature: a review, review, review (review), literary critique, essay (or story).

    This is indicated by writing the exam graduates.

 

COMPOSITION-REVIEW

 

 

    Essay-review - a kind of critical articles, most profound statement about the work of art (literature, performance, film).

    We need to analyze, judge, to review this product.

     The narrative must combine sound, logical judgments involving striking episodes, pictures, thoughts of heroes.

     Entry in the review can begin striking episode of the text (text bright splash).

     The student must inform the bit about 'the author, the history of the work, to show the topic and the main issues of concern to the artist.

     All this should lead to a conclusion about the artistic originality of this work.

 

COMPOSITION I-REVIEW

 

 

     Less in-depth analysis is possible in the book-review (a review). It is appropriate to refer to various works of W one or more writers or

Poetry, short comment to them. In the case when the student is based on a thorough analysis of one or two or three pieces put forward one or more of the issues raised by the author, he turns to a new genre - the literary-critical article. Its purpose - to consider in depth, to explore the main problems of the writer with the universal position, that is, the focus will always be a moral and aesthetic value of the work.

     In his work, the article should be a conclusions and generalizations drawn from the in-depth analysis of the text, and that is why the article may be used in a variety of ways: literary sketches, portraits of description, characteristics of speech, dialogue, scenery.

 

COMPOSITION-SKETCH

 

 

    Essay-an essay (or story-writing) has one distinctive feature - publicism presentation, that is, an appeal to the reader with a reflection on their experiences, feelings caused by the read work. Essay-an essay - one. of the most difficult of genres that is accessed most gifted students to think creatively.

    Essay involves thorough knowledge of the factual material, requires disclosure of the theme of art over time (whether it be a story about a hero or an event, phenomenon). Essay should take the reader to a conclusion about the social significance of what is told to him.

 

COMPOSITION-JOURNAL

 

 

    The writing diary - a genre known, but unforgivably forgotten. This is one of those genres, which helps the teacher to see, the inner world of the student. Before turning to that composing should be encouraged kids to read the diaries of great men.

    The basis of the diary as a literary form of presentation of ideas, should be based on personal observations of what he saw, thinking of reading, judgments about the writer. The narrative must come from the first person. A great place in the book, diary, given to imagination and the imagination. The composition is dominated by fragmentary diary entries dated a particular day, month, year, parenthesis, meeting with people (hero of the book), thinking about events, facts. From the author of works required to comply with compositional features of the diary, and sincerity in presenting the material. The program of literary education is such a work, the composition of which has to write creative works in the genre of travel notes (Radishchev. "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow", Nikolai Gogol. "Dead Souls", Nekrasov . "Who Lives Well in Russia").

     Lives of some writers and poets, full of impressions of being in different parts of Russia (A, Pushkin, Maxim Gorky, Vladimir Mayakovsky, that Tvardovsky, Vladimir Nabokov), it also gives us an opportunity to address to the genre of travel notes. Thus, the itinerary includes elements of the description area, the author's arguments about "what they had seen at the stations' route, the lyrical digressions writing an essay as appeals to the reader, portrait sketches, impressions, attitudes about the meeting with the characters and even dialogue with those who" met along the way. " That's about writing topics. - Travel notes: "I looked about himself ..." (in "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow" Radischev), "followed by Chichikov to dead souls" (poem by Nikolai Gogol, "Dead Souls"), " Everybody needs Pushkin needed, such as Russia. "

 

COMPOSITION-LETTER

 

 

     Essay-writing - a reference to one or group of persons. It may include a recommendation read (letter to a friend), to express a request or advice to resolve any problems (environmental conscience-raising, for example) can be a profound meditation on the fate of a hero through the perceptions of those who know him (the letter Arcadia to his father about his meeting with Bazarov and the attitude toward him, the perception of N! in general nihilism, "Letter Mayakovsky on the essence of love" - ??the author expresses his attitude to H read poetry and the problem of love in general. Or, for example, "Letter to Rodion Raskolnikov from H XXI century "- the relation of writing to the theory of" blood permission of conscience ").

     Genre writing enables us to understand the moral and aesthetic views of the student to see his artistic taste. Obligatory condition of essays, letters to write an address to the destination address, the signature of the writer with the words of farewell.

    Essay-interview (conversation) brings the art of communication, creativity enriches the student's personality, it teaches self-restraint in the selection of linguistic resources and the ability to think analytically. The author works should clearly know what he was going to write (what questions to ask and that will answer them), to be able to use dialogic speech, deeply aware that the problem that he highlights in the book-interview. That is, in other words, this genre has developed the art of monologue speech involves student fluency topic of conversation, deep immersion in the creative laboratory of the writer - the author is responsible for the works. All giving the interview,

    The writing-confession (monologue) - one of the rarest of genres. It draws on a deep knowledge of the text, the repeated immersion in it.